1 Samuel 2:25
A focused desk for reading, commentary, cross-references, original language notes, and your own observations.
1 Samuel 2:25
25 If one man sin against another, the judge shall judge him: but if a man sin against the LORD, who shall intreat for him? Notwithstanding they hearkened not unto the voice of their father, because the LORD would slay them.
Chapter Context
1 Samuel 2 is a biographical narrative chapter in the Old Testament that explores themes of hope, salvation, righteousness. Written during the transition to monarchy (c. 1050-1010 BCE), this chapter should be understood within its historical context: Israel transitioned from tribal confederacy to monarchy while facing Philistine military pressure.
The chapter can be divided into several sections:
- Verses 1-5: Introduction and setting the context
- Verses 6-12: Development of key themes
- Verses 13-20: Central message and teachings
- Verses 21-36: Conclusion and application
This chapter is significant because it provides essential context for understanding God's covenant relationship with His people. When studying this passage, it's important to consider both its immediate context within 1 Samuel and its broader place in the scriptural canon.
Verse Study
1 Samuel 2:25
25 If one man sin against another, the judge shall judge him: but if a man sin against the LORD, who shall intreat for him? Notwithstanding they hearkened not unto the voice of their father, because the LORD would slay them.
Analysis
Eli's argument reaches its theological apex with a profound question: 'if a man sin against the LORD, who shall intreat for him?' Sins between humans can find human judges and mediators. But sins directly against God leave no higher court of appeal. This rhetorical question answers itself: none can mediate between the sinner and the offended God - except, as the full canon reveals, the promised Mediator, Jesus Christ. Yet the sons 'hearkened not' because 'the LORD would slay them.' Divine judicial hardening confirms their self-chosen path toward destruction.
Historical Context
The concept of divine hardening appears throughout Scripture (Exodus 4:21; Romans 9:18). Hophni and Phinehas had so thoroughly committed to wickedness that God withdrew restraining grace, sealing their destruction. Their refusal to listen confirms rather than causes their doom.
Reflection
- What does Eli's unanswered question find its answer in Christ's mediatorial work?
- How does persistent rejection of correction lead to judicial hardening?
Word Studies
- God: אֱלֹהִים (Elohim) H430 - God (plural of majesty)
Cross-References
- References Lord: Numbers 15:30, Joshua 11:20
- Judgment: Deuteronomy 1:17, Psalms 51:4
- Sin: 1 Samuel 3:14, Hebrews 10:26
- Parallel theme: 2 Chronicles 25:16, Proverbs 15:10, 1 Timothy 2:5, Hebrews 7:25